01 - Combine blueberries, sugar, water, lemon juice, and lemon zest in a small saucepan. Bring to a simmer over medium heat and cook, stirring occasionally, for 5 to 7 minutes until the blueberries burst and the syrup thickens slightly. Remove from heat and keep warm.
02 - Whisk together flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt in a large bowl.
03 - In a separate bowl, whisk ricotta, milk, egg yolks, melted butter, lemon zest, lemon juice, and vanilla extract until smooth.
04 - Gently stir the wet mixture into the dry ingredients until just combined, forming a thick batter.
05 - Beat egg whites with a hand mixer until stiff peaks form, then carefully fold them into the batter until incorporated.
06 - Heat a nonstick skillet or griddle over medium heat and lightly grease with butter. Pour 1/4 cup of batter per pancake and cook 2 to 3 minutes until bubbles form and edges set. Flip and cook 1 to 2 more minutes until golden and cooked through. Repeat with remaining batter.
07 - Stack pancakes on plates and spoon warm blueberry syrup over the top. Serve immediately.